Genius of Delhi: Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib

Mirza Ghalib

Let me introduce tonight’s superstar line up.

Mirza Asadullah Khan ‘Ghalib’: South Asia’s greatest Urdu poet, chronicler of Delhi, public intellectual.

Mohammad Rafi: Indian cinema’s prolific golden voiced playback giant. Singer of 26,000 songs over 4 decades.

Begum Akhtar: Doyen of the thumri and ghazal. One of India’s greatest modern vocal artists.

Kaifi Azmi: Urdu poet, writer, actor, leftist intellectual. Father of Shabana Azmi.

Khayyam: Multi-awarded composer of Indian films and music.

1857 Attack on Delhi

The album: The Prose and Poetry of Ghalib, issued on the centenary of the great man’s death.  Kaifi Azmi reads exerpts (some hilarious, some horrific, all very humane) from Ghalib’s letters. Rafi and Begum Akhtar sing his poetry set to music for the occasion by Khayyam. Side one is a general introduction to Ghalib’s wit and wisdom.  Side two is played out against the tragic and painful destruction of Delhi, the city he so loved, by the English, during the 1857 First War of Independence.

Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (1797-1869) who has been compared with Goethe is one of the most beloved and endearing of Indian poets.

        

The worldly glories of Ghalib’s ancestors (who proudly traced their descent from the ancient Kings of Iran) had departed long ago. The academic traditions of Avicenna had also vanished in preceding centuries. Therefore, Ghalib turned his pen into his personal heraldic banner. “The broken spears of the ancestors were transferred into a fiery quill.” His pen illumined the wasteland of his life. His courageous spirit led him by still waters and green pastures. This magnificent sweep of his creativeness enriched Urdu literature for all time. Ghalib was endowed with a rare intellect, transcidental vision and an outstanding and ingenious artistry.

Of an astonishingly catholic bent of mind, Ghalib did not differentiate between Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Jews. He never said his prayers, did not fast during the month of Ramzan and continued his love for drinking to the end of his days. He called himself a sinner and had an implicit faith in God, in the Prophet and in the religion of Islam. His appetite for the good things in life was enormous. He hungered after knowledge and also yearned for social position and worldly status. He loved good food, good wine, good music and pretty faces. Whenever he was in possession of some of those things, he fancied himself to be happier than kings.

Ghalib called himself “a rebel, irreverent to the polite rules of ghazal writing.” This non-conformist poet appeared on the literary scene as a novel and unique personality whose fiery assertion of self was tinged with a strange rebellion which expressed itself through scepticism, satire and romantic fancy.  This mood made the poet laugh through his tears and gave a new grandeur and meaning to the human condition.

Ghalib’s popularity is due to the fact that apart from other qualities his poetic mood and temper is that of a modern man. This new emotion is also in harmony with the mood and character of a new, emergent India.

Today Ghalib’s poetry has dome to us as an interpreter of the past as well as a pointer to the present. It possesses the pleasing hangover of a bygone era and the exhilarating intoxication of the present times. It conveys to us the agony of the night that has fled and the joyful light of the sun that is newly risen.

Ghalib’s greatness lies in the fact that he not only encompassed the inner turmoil of his age, but also created new urges, inner agitations and demands. Breaking through the bonds of time his poetry reaches out into the past and into the future.  (Ali Sardar Jafri, on the liner notes)

Some Ghalib-isms

He gave me heaven and earth, and assumed I'd be satisfied;

Actually I was too embarrassed to argue.

Oh, Lord, it is not the sins I have committed that I regret, but those which I have had no opportunity to commit

         Track Listing:

         01 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

02 Zikr Us Parivash Ka (Mohammad Rafi)

03 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

04 Ye Na Thi Hamari Qismat (Begum Akhtar)

05 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

06 Muddat Hui Hai (Mohammad Rafi)

07 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

08 Ae Taaza Vaaridaan-e-bisat-e-hawa-e-dil (Mohammad Rafi)

09 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

10 Qad-o-Gaysoo (Mohammad Rafi)

11 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

12 Sab Kahan (Mohammad Rafi)

13 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

14 Bus ke Dushwar Hai (Mohammad Rafi)

15 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

16 Nuktachin Hai (Mohammad Rafi)

17 Prose Exerpt (Kaifi Azmi)

18 Baazeezha-e-Atfaal Hai (Mohammad Rafi)

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Two Giants of Urdu: Zia Mohiyeddin Reads Faiz Ahmed Faiz

Faiz Ahmed Faiz

I’ve been informed by a very good source that in the past few months there has been a new energy field engulfing the universe. People are feeling out of sorts. Not sure what to do. Can’t find the groove. This energy field has affected the mood of the Washerman’s Dog too. I feel listless; as if I’ve hit the doldrums. Dead calm.

So I suppose tonight’s post is in keeping with this strange crack of time in that it is not music, in the strictest sense. But it is certainly musical and the very definition of mellifluous.

For anyone who has a love of language and poetry, there are few modern tongues more sweet or expressive than Urdu. And I have yet to hear anyone who is able to make the language sound so absolutely spell binding as the fine Pakistani actor Zia Mohiyeddin. Born in Faisalabad, (formerly Lyallpur), in Punjab, in a Urdu Speaking Family, Zia Mohiyeddin passed his early life in Karachi. He was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London from 1953-1956. After stage roles in Long Day's Journey Into Night and Julius Caesar, he made his West End debut in A Passage to India in 1960. He made his film debut in Lawrence of Arabia in 1963, playing the role of Tafas (the Arab guide who is shot by Omar Sharif for drinking water from the wrong well). He then made numerous TV and film appearances, and starred as Dr Aziz in the 1965 BBC television version of A Passage to India.

He returned to Pakistan in the late 1960s. There he founded and ran the PIA Arts and Dance Academy, and hosted his own TV talk show. Around this time he met and subsequently (in 1973) married the classical dancer Naheed Siddiqui. However after difficulties with the regime Mohyeddin returned to England in the late 1970s, shortly followed by his wife. During the 1980s Zia worked in Birmingham, Great Britain, where he produced Central Television's flagship multicultural program Here and Now.

He resumed his acting career in Europe, appearing in small roles in various movies and television programs. He has since traveled the world giving Urdu poetry and prose recitations. In the late 1990s, Zia remarried, and had a daughter with his wife, Azra. In February 2005 President Pervez Musharraf invited Mohyeddin to act as Chairman of the new National Academy of Performing Arts in Karachi.

To this date, despite his growing age, Zia is still active among Pakistani media as a speaker and hosts several TV programs both for National and Private Channels. He is also involved in narrating some abstract short films and commercials.

Faiz Ahmed Faiz was without a doubt the most famous, loved and accomplished poet of Urdu. A darling of the Left, and a lifelong Communist all his life, Faiz was born on February 13, 1911, in Sialkot, India, which is now part of Pakistan. He had a privileged childhood as the son of wealthy landowners Sultan Fatima and Sultan Muhammad Khan, who passed away in 1913, shortly after his birth. His father was a prominent lawyer and a member of an elite literary circle which included Allama Iqbal, the national poet of Pakistan.

In 1916, Faiz entered Moulvi Ibrahim Sialkoti, a famous regional school, and was later admitted to the Scotch Mission High School where he studied Urdu, Persian, and Arabic. He received a Bachelor's degree in Arabic, followed by a master's degree in English, from the Government College in Lahore in 1932, and later received a second master's degree in Arabic from the Oriental College in Lahore. After graduating in 1935, Faiz began a teaching career at M.A.O. College in Amritsar and then at Hailey College of Commerce in Lahore.

Faiz's early poems had been conventional, light-hearted treatises on love and beauty, but while in Lahore he began to expand into politics, community, and the thematic interconnectedness he felt was fundamental in both life and poetry. It was also during this period that he married Alys George, a British expatriate and convert to Islam, with whom he had two daughters. In 1942, he left teaching to join the British Indian Army, for which he received a British Empire Medal for his service during World War II. After the partition of India in 1947, Faiz resigned from the army and became the editor of The Pakistan Times, a socialist English-language newspaper.

On March 9, 1951, Faiz was arrested with a group of army officers under the Safety Act, and charged with the failed coup attempt that became known as the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case. He was sentenced to death and spent four years in prison before being released. Two of his poetry collections, Dast-e Saba and Zindan Namah, focus on life in prison, which he considered an opportunity to see the world in a new way. While living in Pakistan after his release, Faiz was appointed to the National Council of the Arts by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government, and his poems, which had previously been translated into Russian, earned him the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963.

In 1964, Faiz settled in Karachi and was appointed principal of Abdullah Haroon College, while also working as an editor and writer for several distinguished magazines and newspapers. He worked in an honorary capacity for the Department of Information during the 1965 war between India and Pakistan, and wrote stark poems of outrage over the bloodshed between Pakistan, India, and what later became Bangladesh. However, when Bhutto was overthrown by Zia Ul-Haq, Faiz was forced into exile in Beirut, Lebanon. There he edited the magazine Lotus, and continued to write poems in Urdu. He remained in exile until 1982. He died in Lahore in 1984, shortly after receiving a nomination for the Nobel Prize.

Throughout his tumultuous life, Faiz continually wrote and published, becoming the best-selling modern Urdu poet in both India and Pakistan. While his work is written in fairly strict diction, his poems maintain a casual, conversational tone, creating tension between the elite and the common, somewhat in the tradition of Ghalib, the renowned 19th century Urdu poet. Faiz is especially celebrated for his poems in traditional Urdu forms, such as the ghazal, and his remarkable ability to expand the conventional thematic expectations to include political and social issues. (http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/1558)

So tonight we have the privilege of listening in to a pair of Pakistani and Urdu language titans. You may not know a word of Urdu but you will love this. I first bought the cassette 25 years ago and continue to derive pleasure from it today.

         Track Listing:

       01 Poetry (Raat Yun Dil Mein)

02 Aek Manzar

03 Tanhaee

04 Mozo-E-Sukhan

05 Shaam

06 Rang Hai Dil Ka Meri

07 Manzar

08 Black Out

09 Heart Attack

10 Qattat

11 Farsh-E-Nomeediye Deedar

12 Ashkabad Kee Sham

13 Bahar Aaee

14 Do Ishq

15 Subah-E-Azadi

16 Mulaqaat

17 Mata-E-Loho Qalam

18 Zindaan Ki Ek Sham

19 Dard Aaye Ga Dabe Paon

20 Tum Yeh Kehte Ho Ab Koee

21 Ae Roshniyon Ke Shehar

22 Aaj Bazar Mein

23 Qaid-E-Tanhaee

24 Aaj Ke Huroof Ko

25 Khatam Huee Barish-E-Sang

26 Nisar Main Teri Galiyon Kay

27 Sochne Do

28 Koee Aashiq Kisi

29 Yeh Matam-E-Waqat

30 Hum Jo Tareek Rahon Mein

31 Dil-E-Man Musafir Man

32 Mere Milne Wale

33 Hijir Ki Raat Aur Wisaal Ke Phool

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